Transcription is the process by which a gene, segment of DNA that encodes for a specific protein, serves as a template for the synthesis of a messenger RNA (mRNA) for that specific protein. This short animation from the Discovery Channel provides a nice overview of the transcription and translation. An Overview of Transcription and Translation For the time being the video below provides an overview of this process that will be helpful. This process will be clearer when we explore it in more detail in another online module. This newly synthesized messenger RNA will then leave the cell nucleus and move to the cytoplasm of the cell where the RNA will in turn be used as a template to synthesize a specific protein. In a highly regulated process, cellular enzymes can unwind a particular segment (gene), and other enzymes move along a gene using one strand of DNA as a template to synthesize a complementary strand of messenger RNA. A single chromosome contains thousands of genes, segments of DNA that encode for specific proteins. In essence, each chromosome is a gigantic molecule of double stranded DNA wound tightly into a double helix. The cells of living organisms have chromosomes which contain an inherited code for synthesizing all of the proteins that the organism produces. The bases found in DNA are limited to adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine RNA has adenine, cytosine, and guanine, but hase another base called uracil instead of thymine.The double strands are wrapped to form a double helix.
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